Hosea 4:1-2
In the first three chapters of Hosea, the personal life of Hosea is intertwined with his message to the nation of Israel. In chapters 4-14, the message is more direct. The sins of Israel are brought into the open court. God was going to prove by the deeds of the people that He was perfectly righteous and just to bring His judgment upon the children of Israel.
The nature of the Sins of Israel (4:1-2)
The sins of Israel can be classified into sins of omission and sins of commission. Sins of omission result from the people’s failure to do what God commands them to do. Sins of commission result from the people actually violating the commandments of God.
A. Sin of Omission
The children of Israel were omitting three things: they had no truth, no mercy, and no knowledge of God.
- They were not truthful people. They did not what is right according to the Word of God.
- They were also lacking in mercy. The word “mercy” is used in the context of a covenant relationship (Joshua 2:12-14). The children of Israel were bound together by a covenant relationship, which included certain mutual obligations that the children of Israel had for one another.
- They had no knowledge of God. The children of Israel did not have the knowledge of God because they rejected God’s truth.
+ To know God is to live in the constant awareness of who He is, and to live in accordance with His Word.
+ As God’s covenant people, we have obligations to and responsibilities for one another.
B. Sin of Commission
The rejection of knowledge of God is the reason for the spiritual and moral decline that is in Israel. The sins in verse 2 were all taken from the Ten Commandments. They swore (2nd). They lied (9th). They killed (6th). They stole (8th). They committed adultery (7th).
+ The rejection of the Word of God will lead to a decline in the morality of a society. Ungodliness will lead to unrighteousness (Romans 1:18-23).
The effects of the sins of israel (4:3-5)
The children of Israel have no knowledge of God; therefore they commit all manner of sins, and sin has its consequences. “The whole land would mourn.” There was widespread devastation of the land either through catastrophes of nature or as a result of man’s folly and wickedness. The “people are as they that strive with the priest.” There would be dissension from the people with regard to God’s assessment. “I will destroy thy mother.” There would be destruction of the land.
+ Do not presume upon God’s mercy. Israel’s sins caused God to leave her alone (4:17, see also Romans 1:24, 26, 28).
The root cause of israel’s sins (4:6-14)
“My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (4:6). Who was responsible for the lack of knowledge? God placed the responsibility on the spiritual leaders of Israel. “They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity” (Hosea 4:8-9). The priests were using religion for their personal gain. They were making a profit of the sins of the people by encouraging the people to indulge in idolatrous worship. The more the people worshipped idols, the bigger the priests’ share of the offerings.
+ God’s saving grace is not incompatible with holy living (2 Cor 5:14-15).
The people’s idolatry had an effect on their family. Their “daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery” (4:13).
+ The spiritual adultery of the parents will result in the adultery of their children.
The warning of israel’s sins (4:15-19)
“Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone” (4:17). Israel was bound to her idols that there was no more hope. God said that He would leave Ephraim [another name for Israel] alone. However, God would remain faithful to His covenant. God had not given up on His people, and He has not given up on sinners.
+ The hope for sinners is that “if we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:9).
+ The lesson for Christian is that we are called out of the world – not separate from the world, but to be separate from worldliness of the world. God’s people must be the light that shines for our Lord Jesus Christ.

